Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Film - Essay Example This work gives an investigation of the well known artistic creation by the Polish executive Roman Polyansky, who promptly picked up acknowledgment in Hollywood. A mind boggling, complex interest (Los Angeles private analyst Jake Gitts is recruited by a rich young lady Evelyn Mulray to examine a unimportant however dubious undertaking, and therefore he intercedes in enormous, tenaciously uncovering fakes in land and water theory) and above all miserable Secrets taken cover behind the exterior of quiet and success. Deliberate thickening of hues in the picture of the air of secret and on edge desire. The obligatory subject of rock that commands individuals diligently seeks after them and leaves no expectation in any event, for a lively, consistently splendid dark mind employed investigator who wins expertly, yet loses in adoration and for the most part in life ... he issue of ethics is obviously appeared in the film. Chinatown begins with photos of a man that undermines his significant other with an alternate lady. The photos show the two sweethearts in various places of sexual congress, albeit no private parts are appeared (Polanski). As the film continues, Gittes and Evelyn are appeared in a scene soon after finishing a sexual demonstration. The scene is sensually charged, and the watchers might be stimulated by what they don't see. In a similar film, a few characters smoke cigarettes, however the most attractive scene is when Evelyn Mulwray smokes a cigarette in bed close to Gittes. Additionally, the Chinese happen to get all the prejudice assaults in the film noir. One such scene is the indulgent sexual joke that was described by Gittes about Chinese men. Every one of these properties of the style of the film noir are available in crafted by Roman Polyansky, and as a matter of first importance - the rationale of malevolence predetermination, typified in the fixation of the saint about the inescapable thrashing in the damned Chinatown. In China Town not just painstakingly reproduced the earth of the 30-ies, yet additionally utilized different social, cinematographic implications, joins, updates.

History week6 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Polar Vortex

The Polar Vortex You might wonder what possessed me to go to Chicago for the month of January. The weather forecast for my first day of work. Granted, this factors in the mysterious element of wind chill.   I was graciously accepted by IDEO  for the winter, with the stipulation that I would be working at the same office as my MIT sponsor, a Course 2 alumni. I had never been to the Midwest, so I was expecting the Windy City to greet me like this: Luckily I can say that beyond the weather, Chicago was quite good to me. :) The snazzy view from my apartment.   Externships are one of the many ways you can spend your IAP. The MIT Externship program is expertly organized by the Alumni Association, which features a bustling community of alums happy to talk about what they majored in, where they lived, and what theyre up to these days! Its not surprising that MIT alumni have found homes across the world working on just about anything. MIT alums can work with the Alumni Association to create externship listings that might be a good fit for MIT students (undergrads and graduate) who are interested in the field. The result? A listing of hundreds of mini-internships in dozens of fields, open exclusively to MIT students. Although there is no expectation that you should spend your winter doing a mini-internship, many students throw their hat in the ring because they have nothing to lose! Students can apply to up to three externships in the middle of Fall semester. Every externship listing is differentâ€"some positions require interview(s), while others make their decision based off of a resume and cover letter. Externship matches are announced starting in early November, so you can have a good idea what your IAP might look like by then. Externships are similar to internships in that you meet people in a field you might be interested in, you pick up a few skills, and you hopefully make some contributions to the place you are working at. (For more on getting the most out of an internship, I think this blog post is great!) However, the four week time frame of IAP makes an externship a race against the clockâ€"the pressure is always on to glean as much wisdom and learn as many lessons as possible before returning to campus. I want to share what I learned in my month in Chicago at IDEO, because hopefully you can practice these skills and be much further than I am by the time you are as old and crusty as me: 1. Listen. Ask people to lunch or to coffee and just get to know them! Nobody had a good answer to how they ended up where they are, but everyone was happy to talk about everything they had done up until then. There isnt one path to a goalâ€"just a general movement towards it. The speed and the direction really depends on how you live the rest of your life (and theres nothing wrong with that!) 2. Learn how they learn. Asking someone to teach you something, whether its big or small, can be overwhelming for both parties! Instead, consider learning how they learn. Ask them what books they read, what blogs they follow, which people they watch, what their favorite videos and podcasts are, and if they can point you to one starting point. Asking many people this question is a quick and easy way to expose yourself to tons of new material. 3. Tell a good story. Everyone I worked with seemed to love to tell a good storyâ€"whether it was about last weeks trip to Europe or an interaction they had with a client. Good ideas always came in the form of a narrative that was really compelling, not just a recap. 4. Just try it. Maybe not as scary as just do it, but there was no fear about going down a wrong path. Trying everything helped nix the bad ideas early on! Actuallyâ€"the most important thing I learned? Dont wait.

Artificial Neural Networks An Example Of Machine Learning

In 1958 Psychologist Frank Rosenblatt invented the first artificial neural network. He called it Perceptron and hoped it would model the human brain and process visual data and learn to recognize objects. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are expected to grow within the next few years. An artificial neural network is composed of interconnected artificial neurons that mimic some properties of biological neurons. ANNs work like simulated brains. They are given software and be set up in a way that mimics that of a human brain. The intent within the next few years is that ANNs will be become more sophisticated (pendel). ANNs are an example of Machine Learning (ML). Machine learning is a type of Artificial Intelligence that attempts to give computers the capability of learning from data that that extensive programming is not needed. ML allows for computers to take data and infer patters from previous data that has been inputted into it. This allows for the computer to take the data and ma ke new predictions. This technology has been proven to be useful in many aspects of life(Pastur-Romay). ML technology and ANNs have proven to be useful in the world of pharmacology and bioinformatics in as early as the 1900’s (Pastur-Romay). ANNs can also be seen within the everyday life of a normal individual, sources such as Google and Facebook use them in order to recognize objects in your photos (pendel). This allows an individual to upload a batch of photos and instantly tag the people inShow MoreRelated Artificial Intelligence and Investing Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesArtificial Intelligence and Investing INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence can be defined as the ability of a computer to perform activities normally considered to require human intelligence. The techniques of this intelligence include knowledge-based, machine learning, and natural language processing techniques. 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ELM uses analytical approach to compute weights between hidden and output layer [2], which makes it faster comparedRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus is a Lifelong Metabolism Disorder1504 Words   |  6 Pagesbackpropagation neural network has been used to classify patient that are tested positive as binary 1 and patient that are tested negative as binary 0.The use of trained neural network gave recognition rate of 81% on test and 80% on the training as compare to previous research work on diabetes using ADAP which gives 76% recognition rate. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major medical conditions that it presence in patients has been predicted using various types of learning algorithmsRead MoreNotes On Machine Learning And The Development Of Computer Programs1342 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 2: INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING 2.1 Definition Learning like intelligence, covers a wide range of processes that it is challenging to define accurately. Regarding machines, we might define, very broadly, that a machine learns whenever it changes its structure, program, or data (based on its inputs or in response to external information) in such a manner that its expected future performance improves [5]. Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that equips computers withRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Concepts : The Future Of AI1711 Words   |  7 Pagesunique opportunity to ask if either of you believe that a machine can achieve intelligence. Ayala: In order to answer this question, one must have a bit of some context information. For example, what is good old-fashioned AI? What is symbol manipulation? Ruiz: I am a strong advocate of good old-fashioned AI or GOFAI for short. I can provide some context on that end. To begin, GOFAI can be defined as the serial, symbolic approach to artificial intelligence. The recipe to building one of these complicatedRead MorePredictive Analytics : A Gold Mine1554 Words   |  7 Pagesincludes certain common classes of tasks: Anomaly business drivers and performance. Predictive analytics detection (deviation detection), Association rule is a relatively new data mining technique which is used learning (dependency modelling), Clustering to predict future probabilities and trends. The core (discovering groups and structures), Classification element in this technique is a ‘predictor’. A predictor is (applyingRead MoreThe Application Of Machine Learning1253 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent years, machine learning has made very significant leaps in terms of development. It has undergone a lot of improvement, growth in the industry. Because of its ability to learn and improve itself and make predictions based on data, its popularity has grown leaps and bounds in the recent years mainly due to the large scale data processing and managing capacities of machines nowadays. Many applications of machine learning has come into picture in the recent years. Machine Learning makes use variousRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Of Medicine ( Aim )1571 Words   |  7 Pages 3.1 Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Artificial intelligence in Medicine (AIM) [‎18,‎19] frameworks are expected to help healthcare laborers in the typical course of their obligations, supporting assignments that depend on the control of data and information. An AI framework could keep running inside an electronic therapeutic record system, and alarm a clinician when it identifies a contraindication to an arranged treatment. It could likewise alarm the clinician when it distinguishes situationsRead MoreData Mining, Classification, And Association Rules1654 Words   |  7 Pagesconstruct models that are used to predict potential statistics trends. The major objective of machine data is to perfectly predict the class for each record. This article focuses on a survey on different classification techniques that are mostly used in data-mining. Keywords: Data mining, Classification, decision tree, neural network. 1. INTRODUCTION Data mining is one of the many applications of machine learning. Or knowledge discovery in database as it is also known as the non-incidental origin of implicitRead MoreEssay On Better Glass Edu867 Words   |  4 PagesI am part of a project called Better Glass Edu, a project specifically for the first year researchers to get acclimated to the terms of and usage of a neural network using machine learning algorithms. Before going in-depth into the research topic we must first understand what Machine learning is. Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence that Provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience. It focuses on the development of computer programs that

What Is an Easterly or Tropical Wave

When you hear  tropical wave, you probably picture a wave crashing against the shore of a tropical island beach. Now, imagine that wave being invisible and in the upper atmosphere and youve got the gist  of a what a meteorological tropical wave is. Also called an easterly wave, African easterly wave,  invest, or tropical disturbance, a tropical wave  is generally a slow-moving disturbance thats embedded in the easterly trade winds. To put that more simply, its a weak trough of low pressure that develops from an unorganized cluster of thunderstorms. You can spot these troughs on pressure maps and satellite imagery as a kink or inverted V shape, which is why they are called waves. The weather out ahead (west) of a tropical wave is typically fair. To the east, convective rainfall is common.   The Seeds of Atlantic Hurricanes Tropical waves last from a couple of days to several weeks, with new waves forming every few days. Many tropical waves are generated by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ), an east-to-west oriented wind (much like the  jet stream)  that flows across Africa into the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The wind near the AEJ moves faster than the surrounding air, causing eddies (small whirlwinds) to develop. This leads to the development of a tropical wave. On satellite, these disturbances appear as clusters of thunderstorms and  convection  originating over North Africa and traveling westward into the tropical Atlantic. By providing the initial energy and spin needed for a hurricane to develop, tropical waves act like seedlings of tropical cyclones. The more seedlings the AEJ generates, the more chances there are for tropical cyclone development.   The majority of hurricanes form from tropical waves. In fact, approximately 60% of tropical storms and minor hurricanes (categories 1 or 2), and nearly 85% of major hurricanes (category 3, 4, or 5) originate from easterly waves. In contrast,  minor hurricanes  originate from tropical waves at a rate of only 57%.   Once a tropical disturbance becomes more organized, it can be called a  tropical depression. Eventually, the wave can become a hurricane.

Legal Implications for Human Resources Management Free Essays

Human resources are the most important resources in an organization and there is a need for human resource management to consider legal implications for every decision they make in regard to employee benefits. Today, organizations are faced with numerous challenges in sustaining a well-motivated workforce. To ensure that an organization retains the best human resources, several measures are put in place key of which is employee benefits, which is given to the top or executive employees as a motivation to ensure that the organization retains such employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Implications for Human Resources Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Employee benefits range from organization to organization but generally, they include short-term benefits, long-term benefits, termination benefits as well as post-retirement benefits. (Armstrong, 2002). Pay gap is one of the greatest issues that companies face with regard to employee benefits. Although the pay gaps can be explained by human capital differences, the travel patterns of different employees, there is also the other dimension of occupational segregation as well as workplace segregation, which has been found to bring disparities in regard to employee benefits. (Lowman, 2002). Pay gap can be a source of demotivation of staff as well as a leading cause of lack of unity of purpose in an organization. Whenever an organization decides to reward men differently from women this can be a source of conflicts in the organization and it is therefore, major challenge organizations are faced with today. Pay gap characterized by gender is a legal problem as it boils down to discrimination in the workplace. This has implications both for the employees involved as well as the organization given the fact that, these differences in employee benefits allotment creates a feeling of discontentment. In situations where the difference in pay is as a result of level of education or work experience, then this is understandable. However, often employee benefits have been found to be abused by human resource managers in designing rewards. (Thrope, 2000). Discrimination especially based on race, gender, nationality and color is a major issue that companies face with regard to employee benefits. It is evident that, the economic security of employees is very much dependent on other variables such as race, color and nationality something which can be seen as a major issue that companies face with regard to employee benefits. The fact that there are very many immigrant workers in the USA, has created an enabling environment whereby employers can abuse the rights of employees in regards to employee benefits without having to worry about legal implications since most immigrant workers do not have valid papers and it is therefore, not possible for such employees to take legal actions against employers even whereby there are cases of discrepancies in awarding of employee benefits. (Lowman, 2002). The other challenge facing companies with regard to employee benefits is the requirements by the law for a minimum wage rate. This is an issue in that, many companies have been forced to disregard employee benefits citing the mandatory minimum wage limit as being burdensome and being non-responsive to changing market situations. For instance, the wage limits fail to bear in mind that times are changing and competition is becoming stiff with globalization and pegging rewards on other factors other than market forces is likely to have a negative impact on employers decisions regarding to employee benefits. As a result, many employers are less willing to award employee benefits solely because they consider the minimum wage limit requirement as burdensome and exorbitant. (Armstrong, 2002). Over emphasis of pay as a form of motivation is a major issue that companies face in regards to employee benefits. Many companies offer employee benefits in terms of monetary value in total disregard of evidence showing that money is not always a motivator to every employee as there are some employees who work for different reasons other than money. The challenge companies face in this regard is to reform their employee scheme to reflect different needs for their employees. (Thrope, 2000). Finally, there is the dilemma of just how effective are employee benefits in increasing performance? Employees’ benefits as administered in many companies are meant to boost the morale of employees as the prospects of employee benefits is thought to have a positive impact on employee loyalty and commitment to duties. However, the issue arising here is the fact that, by just giving post-retirement benefits or long-term benefits as well as travel allowances, this does not automatically guarantee that employees will remain loyal and committed to the organization. To deal with the issues raised above, organizations need to work on programs, which are agreeable to both employers and employees by involving employee unions in designing of employee benefits packages. This will ensure that every interest is taken care of. Another important thing that organizations ought to do to deal with the issues above is to address human capital differences, especially those differences arising from other factors other than level of education or work experience. There is also a need for organizations to put in place strict rules and regulations as well as workplace policies to do away with any form of discrimination in the workplace, which ultimately reflects on the awarding of employee benefits. It is also important that organizations de-emphasize employee benefits as a form of motivation and opt for other types of rewards, which have little monetary connections. If the above is done, the problem of ineffectiveness of employee benefits will be dealt with and organizations will address the challenges of employee benefits. Potential future issues that organizations will encounter regarding employee benefits may include; high demand for tuition reimbursement considering the fact that due to rapid spread of information technology, new knowledge is released into the market at a fast rate, which means employees have to keep updated through employee training. Another area or potential future issue that organizations may encounter in regard to employee benefits is any new legislations especially aimed at either legalizing the immigration status of all immigrant workers or expelling the immigrant workers. (Lowman, 2002). In conclusion, it has emerged from the above discussion that, major issues that companies face with regard to employee benefits include; pay gap, gender discrimination, over emphasis of employee benefits as a form of motivation as well as lack of clarity on the effectiveness of employee benefits to employee performance. It has become evident that organizations need to de-emphasize on employee benefits as a form of motivation and in addition, there is a need for employers to deal with the problem of discrimination as well as the discrepancy in pay gap. Lastly, employers need to reposition themselves in readiness for future legislations, which may have impact on employee benefits such as legislations on immigration and minimum wage limit. References Armstrong, M. 2002. PP.110-120. Employee Reward. 3rd Ed. CIPD. Lowman, R. 2002. PP.104-109. California School of Organizational Studies Handbook of Organizational Consulting Psychology. Jossey-Bass. Thrope, R. Homan, G. 2000. PP. 89-93. Strategic Reward System. FT. Prentice Hall. Â   How to cite Legal Implications for Human Resources Management, Essay examples

Culture of Professional Development †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Culture of Professional Development. Answer: Introduction: Healthcare provision needs to be considerate of the needs of the patients in context so as to provide better services. Dealing with indigenous communities is usually challenging as they are usually unaware of the important factors that determine their health situations(Nieva, 2003). Health practitioners including doctors and nurses have to be culturally informed to provide quality healthcare services to diverse individuals. Patients have different ways of expressing their pain and suffering including the use of silence and other means that the professionals need to understand in their interactions. Nurses need career development strategies to deal with indigenous communities because they can only help a patient if they understand their situation first. The indigenous communities lack understanding of health problems facing them and therefore explaining might be a hard task(Alert, 2008). This explains why most of them end up succumbing to their diseases due to their inability to express themselves. Professional development is therefore an important aspect when it comes to quality healthcare provision of the indigenous communities. The skills that nurses and doctors obtain during this time enable them deal with their patients better. They learn to communicate with diverse people and reach for understanding in every interaction which is one way or the other the first step in helping their patients(Alert, 2008). Once they can understand each other, then delivering better care is an easy step for the nurse as she can already comprehend the situation of the patient. When providing public health care services, it is crucial for the professionals involved to be aware of the specific information about a particular community. Such knowledge is important in ensuring that a nurse can relate the patients health with the values and believes of the community. Most of the indigenous individuals feel much better and comfortable if the people attending to their health understand the situations surrounding their existence(Nieva, 2003). They can heal better when they have confidence in the health personnel taking care of their health. Identify and discuss three (3) ways that nurses can contribute to their own professional development in delivering culturally safe care to Indigenous peoples. (2.5 marks for each example). You are required to integrate evidence from the literature to support your ideas . Nursing should be taken as a continuing profession in such a way that the nurses need to keep on advancing and developing their ideas. There are so many developments in the field of medicine that require an individual to learn more so as to keep in touch with any issues that may arise. Delivering healthcare to the indigenous communities requires more of professional development for the nurses to be culturally enlightened and hence more experienced in the field(Cooper, 2009). Some of the activities that the nurses can do to advance their knowledge include the following: Developing a broader career goal which reflect into the education, skills and experiences of the individuals involved. These goals should cover any possible medical adventure especially dealing with diverse patients and communities(Pool, 2013). The nurse will therefore be able to get the necessary skills and experiences required to deliver better healthcare to the indigenous communities. Nurses can also expose themselves to the particular situation of work in such a way that they interact more with the indigenous communities in their lives(Pool, 2013). Such interactions ensure that the doctors and nurses can advance their professional knowledge to perform better in the future. Finally a nurse should surround themselves with positive role models who give them directions of giving quality services regardless of the situation of work. The positive company can give one some insights of growing as a health care professional. References Alert, S. E. (2008). Behaviors that undermine a culture of safety. Sentinel event alert , (40). Cooper, E. (2009). Creating a culture of professional development: A milestone pathway tool for registered nurses. . The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing , 40(11), 501-508. Nieva, V. F. (2003). Safety culture assessment: a tool for improving patient safety in healthcare organizations. . Quality and Safety in Health Care , 12(suppl 2), ii17-ii23. Pool, I. P. (2013). Nurses and managers perceptions of continuing professional development for older and younger nurses: a focus group study. . International journal of nursing studies , 50(1), 34-43.

Great Gatsby And American Dream Essays (1273 words) -

Great Gatsby And American Dream The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to capture its illusionary goals. This dream has varying significances for different people but in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream and in order to do this he must have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby, the central figure of the story, is a character that longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes most of his adult life trying to recapture it and, finally, dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the beautiful and seemingly innocent Daisy. Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to accumulate his wealth to reach her economic and social standards. Once he acquires this wealth, he moves near to Daisy, "Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay," and throws extravagant parties, hoping by chance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend his parties but watches them from a distance. When his hopes don't show true he asks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets Nick Caraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, "He wants to know...if you'll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over." Gatsby's personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have the opportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when he takes the blame for Myrtle's death. "Was Daisy driving?" "Yes...but of course I'll say I was." He also watches and protects Daisy as she returns home. "How long are you going to wait?" "All night if necessary." Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influence. He believes that he acted for a good beyond his personal interest and that should guarantee success. Nick attempts to show Jay the flaw of his dream, but Jay innocently replies to Nick's statement that the past cannot be relived by saying, "Can't repeat the past? Why of course you can!". This shows the confidence that Jay has in reviving his relationship with Daisy. For Jay, his American Dream is not material possessions, although it may seem that way. He only comes into riches so that he can fulfill his true dream, Daisy. Gatsby doesn't rest until his dream is finally lived. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying the ultimate price for it. The idea of the American Dream still holds true in today's time, be it wealth, love, or fame. But one thing never changes about the American Dream; everyone desires something in life, and everyone, somehow, strives to get it. A big house, nice cars, 2.5 kids, a dog, a beautiful devoted spouse, power and a ridiculous amount of money. That is the classical American Dream, at least for some. One could say, an outsider perhaps, that Americans strive for the insurmountable goal of perfection, live, die and do unimaginable things for it, then call the product their own personal American Dream. Is having the American Dream possible? What is the American Dream? There is one answer for these two questions: The American Dream is tangible perfection. In reality, even in nature, perfection does not exist. Life is a series of imperfections that can make living really great or very unpleasant. Living the American Dream is living in perfection, and that by definition is not possible, thus deflating our precious American Dream. F. Scott Fitzgerald proves this fact in The Great Gatsby, through his scintillating characters and unique style. Characters in books often mirror the author's feelings towards the world around them. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald suggested the moral decline of the period in American history through the interpersonal relationships among his characters. The situations in the lives of the characters show the worthlessness of materialism, the futile quest of Myrtle and Gatsby, and how America s moral values had diminished- through the actions of Daisy, Tom, Jordan, and Gatsby's party guests. Despite his newly acquired fortune, Gatsby still cannot afford his one true wish; therefore

rubber glove Essay Example

rubber glove Essay Example rubber glove Essay rubber glove Essay The basic raw material used in the manufacture of natural rubber latex exam gloves is latex concentrate which is produced from Hevea Brasiliensis natural latex using a steel tapping knife. Tapping is done at early dawn and the latex, collected in cups, is harvested several hours later and preserved with ammonia to stop it from premature coagulation. Because of its high water and non-rubber contents, about 70%, the latex is concentrated and purified by centrifugation to a 60% strength latex concentrate and stabilised using lauric soap for long term storage. The major producers of this atex is Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. Before the latex can be used for manufacturing gloves it must be mixed with a recipe of processing chemicals which include sulfur, zinc oxide, accelerators, pigments, stabilisers, dewebbing agent and antioxidant. These are mixed with the latex and allowed to mature over a period of 24-36 hours for the mix to cure. During this period the sulfur will become mixed with the rubber particles to yield a latex compound ready for dipping. The hand molds (or formers) suspended on a continuous moving chain are first dipped into a slurry of alcium nitrate solution and calcium carbonate. The nitrate is a latex coagulant while the carbonate is a former release agent. After the nitrate and carbonate has partially dried out, the molds are next dipped into the latex compound. At this stage the nitrate immediately coagulate a layer of latex over the mold. Because a thin layer of carbonate separates the film from the mold, it help both in removing the gloves from the molds as well as in preventing the gloves from sticking together. The freshly molded gloves in gel form are next leached in hot water to remove residual water- oluble protein and chemicals. The leaching process has became mandatory as a result of concern with allergic reactions associated with latex proteins. This step is essential to reduce residual extractable latex protein and the effectiveness is based on the amount of clean hot water used and dwell time. Beading brushes are run over the cuff ends to create a zone called beads which assist the users in donning the gloves. The next stage involves drying and curing the wet gloves inside a long and deep oven heated either electrically, by natural gas or hot air. Curing, or vulcanization, converts the gloves into an elastic state by causing the chemicals added during compounding to react with the rubber molecules in the latex. This is the most critical step as without curing the gloves will not be elastic as well as they will tear easily. Vulcanization is a chemical process, discovered by Charles Goodyear, by which the physical properties of natural or synthetic rubber are improved. It consists principally of heating rubber with sulfur and other substances, such as accelerators and activators. The sulfur does not simply dissolve or disperse in the rubber, but rather combines chemically, mostly in the form of cross-links (bridges) between rubber chain molecules and the sulfur atoms. On the other hand, accelerators and activators act as catalysts to initiate the process as well as boost the reaction at room temperatures. Cross-linking is analogous to net building using strings that are knotted together. The sulphur atoms reside in the nodes that link the rubber molecule chains. Just as a net provides strength and a network to catch fishes, ross-linked rubber in latex provides the base upon which gloves are moulded. vulcanlzea ruDDer nas nlgner tenslle strengtn ana reslstance to swelling ana abrasion, and is elastic over a greater range of temperatures. In other words, natural rubber without undergoing vulcanization will eventually become too brittle in cold weather or become sticky in hot weather. Upon exiting the oven the gloves are dipped once again into hot water to perform a dry film post-leaching wash to extract residual proteins and chemicals that bloomed to the glove surface. It has been established that a combination of wet and dry leaching has been very effective in removing residual proteins and chemicals and has significantly reduced the number of cases of protein allergies and sensitization. The leached gloves are then dipped into a slurry of corn starch and dried. This layer of corn starch assist in glove removal and donning. The final step of glove manufacturing involves stripping of the finished gloves from the molds using pneumatic air Jets. The now bare molds are then given a horough chemical wash and rinsing before entering the next dipping cycle. Typically a mold will be dipped 4-5 times in an hour and once a week they will be given a thorough scrub to remove built-up stains and residues. Periodically the molds are visually examined for defects and replaced. Stripped gloves are hot-air tumbled to even them out as well as remove detachable powder. They are batched in bins, tagged and sampled for inspection. Operators examine the samples for visual defects, measure their weights and dimensions and check them for air leaks. Batches hat pass the inspections are routed for direct packing. Those that fail are bagged for rework and retest. Passed gloves are also tested for physical properties. These are tensile strength and elongation at break before and after ageing to ensure they can withstand prolong storage and handling stress. All packed gloves are water tested for compliance to the maximum allowable leak failures called AQL. Batches that fail will be reworked or downgraded. Only gloves that meet the in-house specifications will be allowed to be shipped to customers warehouses.

Project Planning Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Planning - Coursework Example The students are required to carry on the project management with time constraints. This activity can provide fruitful experience that can help them in their future career when time comes that they are assigned to do project planning. ELA is very important for students of project management in the sense that they will have a real feel of what they will encounter come their time to practice their profession in engineering or other disciplines that require a lot of teamwork. ELA is an educational tool which helps the instructor and also the students in carrying out a project. The instructor can ask questions that motivate the students to provide insights and ideas about a given subject matter. The activity includes a pretest and posttest method where data can be collected. The instructor can study the findings and provide output for the course. (Carden and Egan, 2008, p. 315) The project manager and his team should be able to have coordination and teamwork and a good communication process. The team should have a well-studied plan that is borne out of a careful evaluation and analysis of the situation. Senior members of the team, or the experienced managers and experts should be consulted because they have the knowledge to carry out projects. Knowledge, teamworking and good management are important characteristics of a team (Koch, 2004). This simple sentence by Koch (2004) carries a lot of meanings. Knowledge itself has many connotations. Knowledge has got to be present in a team that must perform teamwork to carry out a project. And these are the requirements of an effective management in carrying out a project. A project is defined as a job or task that is carefully planned, with a deadline to follow, implemented by a team and to be evaluated by a manager or client who is the owner/buyer of the project. (Carden and Egan, 2008) This definition of project can be applied to almost every

Being educated is not about certificates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Being educated is not about certificates - Essay Example He is against the traditional way of imparting education because it falls miserably short of what the "actual" aim of education should be. Kohn is of the firm view that being educated has no co-relation with having and/or acquiring certificates/degrees. He contends that the present cirriculum and the standardized system of testing in vogue today in the United States, should be abolished and a "progressive" system be put in its place. This is so because he wants the students to be no only well trained and literate in their chosen fields but also be well rounded personalities who on the one hand are intellectually sound and on the other hand are loving, caring and lovable individuals. The author has experience of people who have many certificates, but according to him they can in no way be considered educated because they lack the essential hands on experience to deal with many expected and unexpected situations/experiences that the real world affords them. They lack the qualities to face such situations because they (the students) have been brought up in a cloistered environment of the class room/school. To give an example, consider what would happen to a plant that has been grown in a controlled environment inside a laboratory, once the said plant/sapling, is exposed to the natural (uncontrolled) environment, it will wilt and die. 3. Both Kohn and the writer are in agreement that a great barrier in improving the standard of education in the United States is the out dated stance of the conservative politicians, the policy makers/ bureaucrats and the heads of big corporations who are in league that favors the traditional system because it serves their purposes. This traditional system provides an inexhaustible line of clone like individuals to the big corporations, who act according to their commands/orders without question and help run their mills and factories smoothly without

English Is a Funny Language Essay

English Is a Funny Language Essay During the mid-400s the country that we now call England was part of the Roman Empire. It was a land full of temporary settlers and immigrants. Among those residing in England were a group of Germanic settlers, made up of Jutes, Angles and Saxons. These settlers immigrated to England from various parts of mainland North Western Europe and with them they brought a language that provided the building blocks of English. The mixing of the Germanic settlers dialects with the languages of other immigrants led to the creation of Old English (the earliest form of English). This form of English was very different than any form of English that is spoken today and although it did consist of parts of speech that have some similarities to modern English. The language would be considered incomprehensible to the modern English speaker. Over the next 600 years the language of English was grew by taking words and expressions from the languages of the surrounding cultures. This was mostly due to more groups of people immigrating to England or in some cases, some groups invading the country. For example Roman missionaries who immigrated to England introduced many religious words such as minster and alter and the Vikings who invaded England introduced words such knife, take and root. During the Middle Ages (c. 1000-1300) English started to significantly evolve. The Normans, who were the people of Normandy (a region in northern France) invaded England in 1066. This event led to the Latin and French languages heavily influencing the English speaking people and their language. Thousands and thousands of new words became incorporated into the English language. The language of English was constantly evolving, creating what we call today Middle English, a form of language that closer resembles what we speak today. This period was also quite significant because during this time London become the legal and trade center of Britain. The language of London (Middle English) became the standard language. At the time there were other languages and dialects and people began to realize that in order to gain political or economic power a person had to be able to communicate in English. Many traders began to use this standard form of English. These same traders began to spread English all over the world. In the mid-1500s, the United Kingdom became a colonial powerhouse and the British Empire began to set up colonies all over the world. As the British empire continued to significantly grown and colonize the English language would spread further and further away from its birthplace. The growth of the British Empire, lead to English becoming a part of Europe, North America, India, Africa, Australia and many other parts of the world. As the empire branched out, new words were taken from the local languages and incorporated into English. English served as the lingua franca for these colonies. The term lingua franca refers to the language that is used as the means of communication among speakers of other languages. Keep in mind that these places each had their own distinct indigenous languages, and in some cases multiple languages. However the different cultures within these colonies would communicate in English. As this was happening, English continued to evolve into a closer version of Modern English. Also, around this time (1600s) some significant pieces of English literature were written. An author known as William Shakespeare was creating works that were gaining a lot of attention, these works were in English. Also, in 1611 the King James Bible was written in English. Unlike many other religious based books (not all) that were published in Latin and French, this bible was produced in English. This bible became the standard for the Church of England. English was becoming the language of religion. From the 17th century on, English continued to spread through British colonization. As new areas were becoming British settlement, new pockets of the planet would begin to communicate in English. The industrial revolution occurred throughout the 18th and 19th century. This was a time where major technological advancements occurred in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transportation. Machines were making life easier and producing goods at much faster rate. The industrial revolution began in the United Kingdom and then spread throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the rest of the world. All of this newly developed technology was having an affect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the time. A significant majority of the inventors during this period were English speakers. Why English? English is a global language. English as a global language didnt happen overnight, it was a long process. Thinking about the history of the language of English, what are the major factors that lead to English becoming the lingua franca? It has nothing to do with how English looks or its structure. If you think about it, it is actually a very confusing language compared some of the other languages in the world. Here are a few things to think about 82% of the entire world uses some form of English as means to communicate. There are only 35 countries where English is not the first foreign language. Over two billion people partake in some form of English acquisition education. Heres a question to ponder, which country currently has the largest amount of English langue leaners? The answer is China. The answer to Why English has a lot to do with the same reasons why English was able to spread internationally in the first place. English represents opportunity. While peoples native language helps them navigate through their daily lives within their geographic area (city, town or country). The language of English represents an opportunity to become part of a global conversation. The four pillars to Englishs growth into a global language: Politics, Economics, Technology and Social Politics: Looking back at history, one can point to the political factors as first reason why English was able to spread from a small island to all over the world. In modern history the people who held the majority of the worlds power were English speakers. Also, looking back at the last century, world power has shifted from the hands of the British into the hands of the Americans, another English speaking country. Economics: The economic influence on the English language is closely tied to the political factors. The 19th saw the growth of English speakers occur at much more rapid rate than the previous centuries. Much of this has to do with the fact that the most financially powerful countries in the world during the 19th and 20th century were English speaking countries, the United States and Britain. If money does talk, during this time period it was speaking in (or learning) English. These days, practically every trade centre in the world uses English this includes countries that have a language other than English as the official language. Technology: As mentioned before, the industrial revolution had an enormous impact on the English language. British inventors came up with ways to mass produce textiles metals and glass. As well they innovated mining and they created the steam engine. If you did a web search on the products that were born out of the industrial revolution, you will be amazed how many came from English speaking countries. Here are some questions to think about: What web search tool did you just use to find out more information? What are the must have technologies of this generation? Where did many of them originate? How often do you see a product designed by Microsoft or Apple? Social: If you take a look at how media is delivered you can see English is absolutely everywhere. Through social media, the world is rapidly becoming more and more interconnected. People are now viewing themselves as global citizens. World issues are discussed in English and by having a working knowledge of the English language, people feel that they too can share their thoughts on common issues that are shared throughout the world. This includes such issues as poverty, the economy, climate change, political struggles and human rights. Social and Technology Coming Together English is widely used on the internet for the same reasons why English became so widespread during the industrial revolution. The internet began in English speaking countries. To add to it, think about the rapidly increasing interest in social networking through the internet. Think about the fact that Facebook was founded in the US in 2004 and since then has become one of the most visited websites in the world. Also, Google is the most widely used search engine in the world, also created by Americans. Standard English (S.E.) is the form of English that is generally accepted as the linguistic norm of an Anglophone country. But is speaking English that easy of a concept to grasp? We have learnt that English was created through a mixture of numerous different dialects. As it grew throughout the world it continued to expand encompassing more and more words from other languages. Countries such as Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa all are English speaking countries and yet their form of English isnt identical. In fact with in these countries there are various forms of English. Think about (and do a web search) on these terms: Hinglish Gullah Anglo-Manx These are just three of a huge number of dialects of the English language and within some of the dialects there are sub-dialects. English goes well beyond standard English. Part 2 How language works (and how confusing the English language really is) Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana Think about this question: How would you define the word language? Language can be defined as any form of communication. Language can be verbal and physical, it can be learned through direct instruction and it can also be biologically innate. The study of language is a very vast topic. Language is made up of numerous interconnected components and within each of those components there are many subcomponents (some of which have many subcomponents of their own). When people chat on the phone or talk over dinner they do not generally think about how they are communicating (language, volume, speed, intonation, gestures, etc), they think about what they are communicating (what you are trying to explain to the person you are speaking to). Phonology Phonology is the study of sounds in a language. The study of phonology offers us a better understanding of how speech sounds relate to pronunciation. Languages are unique and each one has different a phonological system. Think about this: What is the English equivalent to this Hungarian phrase? Sok szerencsà ©t kivà ¡nok The answer : good luck. Languages have their own attributes in regards to word stress, rhythm, stresses and what sounds are used to produce specific meanings. This is one of the reasons why learning a second language can be so difficult, what can be expressed in one syllable in one language may take many syllables in another. Semantics Linguistic semantics is the study of the meaning of language. This involves how meaning is created by combining single words into larger forms of text. If you break down a passage and actually think about each word on its own, it can get quite confusing. When learning a new language an English language learner faces many linguistic semantic challenges that English speaks may not even take into consideration. Think about these sentences: The winds blew the door open. / The road winds quite a bit. Or think about these sentences: The answers on the exam were invalid. / The terrible injury left the man an invalid. These are only some of the challenges an English language learner faces, think about these words and their meanings: Synonymy Words that have the same meanings Example: happy and glad Antonym Words that have opposites meanings Example: hot and cold. Polysemy A word which has two or more related meanings For example, wood could refer to a piece of a tree or a geographical area that is consists of many trees. Homonym A word which has two or more meanings For example, a plant could be a factory in which products are made or a living organism such as a tree Homophone Different words that are pronounced the same but spelled differently For example two, too and to Homograph Different words that are spelled the same but pronounced differently For example minute and minute Pragmatics Pragmatics is the study of the use of language. Pragmatics analyses the context of words and how they contribute to the overall meaning of the text. A sentence on its own can be quite misleading. Think about this: The fish are ready to eat. Does this mean the fish are hungry or they have been cooked long enough that they are now edible? Syntax Syntax is the study of the structure of language with a focus on how grammatically correct statements are formed. There are many syntactic categories including nouns, verbs, adjectives , prepositions and adverbs Orthography Orthography is the study of letters and how they are used to express sounds and form words. Orthography takes a close look at the writing systems of a language. For English language instructors, English in written form can be area in which many learners struggle with. Many of the things that we write without even thinking about can cause great confusion to an English language learner. Take for example: The words boot, book, blood and brooch. All of these words use oo however each of them have different pronunciations for this vowel combination. Now look at these three words: check, machine, character In each one the ch is pronounced differently Another thing that needs to be taken into consideration is the fact that not every language follows the same pattern of pronunciations. PART 3 ESL and EFL same same but different -Tinglish saying English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching refers to teaching English in a country where English is already an official language. For example, Canada, The United States, and Britain are countries that offer English language learners ESL programs. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) refers to teaching English in a country where English is not the most predominant language that is spoken. Due to Englishs place in the global scheme, EFL schools are quickly becoming popular all over non-English speaking nations. The biggest consideration an instructor must take into account is that EFL and ESL instruction does at times require different approaches to lesson planning. This is mostly due to the fact that English language learners living in an English speaking country are taking lessons as a means of linguistic survival. Although grammar is obviously an important part of English language learning, these students may feel pressed to first learn how to communicate in a way that the people within their community understand them even if they are using broken English. These students are taking English lessons to open up more opportunities both financially and socially to themselves and possibly members of their families. ESL students will also have the opportunity to continuously practice their English outside of the classroom setting. As a result the instructor should consider which topics are the most necessary. EFL students may not feel the urgency to learn survival English right away. An EFL student may be partaking in English lessons for a future trip, to open up future social, academic and economic opportunities or for solely for enjoyment. There are a number of EFL academic institutions around the world that cater to students who are taking English simply because it is their hobby. The distinction between second and foreign language learning is what is actually being learned, where it is being learned and how it is learned. This course will dive deeper into what considerations should be taken into account when creating and delivering ESL and EFL lessons. Terminology brb, ttyl ok? wow, I saved a ton of time with those acronyms. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Stephen Colbert There is a lot of terminology associated with English language instruction. English Speakers can fall under many different categories and there are many acronyms to describe the types of English speakers. The following section is a review of some of the most commonly used terms and acronyms. The language in which a person is learning is commonly referred to as the students target language while Native language is the term associated with a persons first language or sometimes referred to as their mother tongue. L1 is the abbreviation for first language spoken by an individual, also referred to as a persons mother tongue . L1 English refers to a person who uses English as their first language. L1 is a term that can be used for any language for example a person who uses French as their first language would be considered an L1 French speaker. L2 is an abbreviation for a persons second language, or a language that is not their L1. Someone who is referred as L1 Japanese and L2 English is considered a Japanese speaker who has a working knowledge of English. English for Academic Purposes (EAP) is a form of ESL/EFL instruction that focuses on academia. This would include subject areas such as writing formal reports, presentations for school related purposes and reading academic works. Some areas of the world may refer to EFL lessons as English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and Vocational English as a Second Language (VESL)( refers to the study of English for a particular (usually job related) purpose. For example a course that focuses solely on English for the tourism industry. TOEFL is an official Test of English as a Foreign Language. This test focuses on English proficiency for international students who are interested in studying at an English speaking institution. TOEIC is the Test of English for International Communication. Originally used in Japan but now a worldwide tool, TOEIC is a standardized test (multiple choice) that is used to assess ones proficiency in English. Both TOEFL and TOEIC has become a recognized standard throughout the world. PART 4 Principles of Second Language Acquisition Learn a new language and get a new soul.   Czech Proverb Over the last century, many linguists have researched and theorized on how people acquire a second language. As a result, a number of theoretical frameworks have been developed. There isnt one accepted theory of language acquisition but rather a variety of theories each with a different focus and different limitations. This section will briefly explore different theories of second language acquisition. Chomskys Innate Cognitive Process Theory Do you think an adult learns a second language the same way a child learns a first language? Why or why not? Professor Noam Chomsky is one of the most well-known professors of linguistic studies. Chomsky s works support a nativists theory that acquiring is actually in our genetic makeup and we are born with innate abilities known as an LAD (Language Acquisition Device). Language acquisition does not rely on formal instruction. In its simplest form, Chomskys theory is that we are born with the innate ability to learn basic language which include the rules of grammar. We develop our language skills by listening to the people who raise us. Infants and toddlers do not necessarily require someone to teach them language, as long as there is linguistic input around they will inevitably acquire language. The process of selecting the correct pattern of words is done unconsciously. Chomsky refers to this as our universal grammar and supports this theory by pointing out that all human languages share similar patterns (for example present and past tense). There is a difference between the acquisition of a first language and a second language. Those who have had experience teaching both adults and children may have noticed that children learn their first language in a more fluid fashion while adults rate of acquisition varies from person to person. Now, keep in mind Chomskys theory. Children do not need to be taught their first language whereas adults require formal instruction. With children it is a natural progression due to needs and environment. With adults second language acquisition is dependent upon motivation, attitude, and ability Even though Chomskys theory appears to put adults at a disadvantage when it comes to acquiring language, adults do possess skills that enable them to learn another language. Adults possess competency in a first language which could be used to further understand and retain a second language. For example, associating L2 words with L1 words, creating visual and audio clues. Adults are able to problem solve and simplify complex concepts. Adults understand inflection and tone. Adult have the cognitive ability to review and reflect Adults can draw on mnemonics devices these are memory tools such as creating acronyms or simple rhymes *try a web search on common mnemonic devices Chomskys concepts have been both highly accepted and criticized by his peers. Krashens Five Hypotheses One of the most noted modern linguist and educational researcher is psychologist Dr. Stephen Krashen. Dr, Krashen is well known for his theories of language acquisition and development most of which were published in a series of books throughout the 1980s. Along with Tracey Terrell, Dr. Krashen also researched and authored works on the natural approach to language teaching. Dr. Krashens theory of second language acquisition explores how we learn language through five main hypotheses: the natural order hypothesis the acquisition-learning hypothesis the monitor hypothesis the input hypothesis the affective filter hypothesis The Natural Order Hypothesis This hypothesis suggests that language acquisition follows a natural pattern of progress. Just like in movement, one first learns to crawl, stand, walk and then run, language acquisition in every language develops through a series of sequential steps that a person progresses through naturally. By studying this natural progressing of language acquisition, researchers have uncovered a predictable pattern in language acquisition. By following this pattern teachers can develop a series of instructions that best suit the needs of older language learners. This hypothesis coincides Noam Chomskys theory that humans naturally have a built-in Language Acquisition Device (LAD), that enables humans to understand and acquire language from infancy. Teachers need to take the natural order hypothesis when introducing language concepts. This can be done by ensuring first introducing models that are moderately easy for learners to acquire. As instructors should *scaffold difficult concepts. Perform a web search and find a definition educational scaffolding: Educational scaffolding refers to the idea that in order for students to properly achieve academic success, the instructor needs to ensure that instructional supports have been when students are first introduced to a new topic. The Acquisition Learning Hypothesis. The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis is considered by many linguists as the most fundamental of all Krashens hypothesizes . The Acquisition Learning hypothesis suggests that second language performance is a product of two separate systems that happen consciously and subconsciously in a persons brain. The first system is the acquired system. Language acquisition occurs subconsciously through natural communication. In other words people acquire a second language when they are exposed to meaningful verbal interactions with speakers of the target language. The second system focuses on formal instruction. Krashen believes that this system holds less importance than the acquired system however it is still a component of language acquisition. The learning system occurs when people consciously focus on learning a language. In its simplest form you can think of it this way, a person learns a language by studying it they acquire a language by immersing themselves in it. Instructors need to create opportunities for students to use the target language in an authentic manor within their classrooms. This is especially important in the EFL classroom because students will not have the opportunity to use the target language outside of the classroom. How could and EFL instructor incorporate the acquisition-learning hypothesis into their teachings? Role playing (creating simulated scenarios) The Monitor Hypothesis The Monitor Hypothesis corresponds directly with the Acquisition- Learning hypothesis. The Monitor Hypothesis focuses on the effects of direct language instruction. Krashen explained in the Acquisition- Learning hypothesis that language acquisition occurs during exposure to natural communication. In essence, the language we acquire through this process is fine-tuned and properly edited through grammar and language instruction. Instruction and traditional language learning activities monitor and correct language. The Input Hypothesis. Comprehensible input are the messages that a language learner understands. These messages can come in the form of written text (books, signs, subtitles) or oral language (conversations, radio). The input hypothesis suggests that in order for language acquisition to occur, the learner must receive comprehensible input that is slightly above their level of language knowledge. This is often documented as Comprehensible Input +1. The +1 represents the next level in language. EFL instructors need to ensure that they are constantly taking the input hypothesis into consideration when creating and implementing lessons. Instructors need to provide as much comprehensible input as possible, especially in the EFL class because learners are not exposed to the target language outside of the classroom setting. The Affective Filter Hypothesis. Affective Filter Hypothesis focuses on the theory that confidence and anxiety have a direct correlation to language learning. In order to properly acquire language, a person needs to be comfortable and feel confident in their surroundings. When a language learner is uncomfortable they tend to mentally build up barriers that prevent acquisition. Keeping in mind the Affective Filter Hypothesis, list a few barriers in an academic environment that could directly hinder language acquisition. How can an instructor ensure that a learner feels safe? -begin lessons with ice breakers -establish a classroom routine with a set of norms -consider seating arrangements -incorporate dual language resources use humour -include teaching methods that allow for student interaction -address students by name -use eye contact -use positive language (*6) The Reading Hypothesis It should also be noted that Krashens more recent research has concluded that the more a person reads in a second language, the more vocabulary they will acquire. Involving a variety of texts in a language classroom will increase the learners knowledge of the target language and also offer the learner opportunities to view how the target language can be used in real-life contexts. List some forms of texts that will offer students an opportunity to view language in real-life contexts. -advertisements -instructional signs -subtitles -novels -scripts Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Development theory Having English language learners work in small groups is a recommend strategy. Why do you think students are more successfully when broken up into small groups? Although he only lived to the age of 38, Lev Vygotsky was considered one of the founders of cultural historical psychology. Vygotsky lived through Russian Revolution of the early 1900s and his works were largely unknown to the West until it was published in 1962, more than 25 years after he died. As a social constructivist he believed that social interaction was key to the cognitive and language development of children. He observed how higher level mental functions developed within particular cultural groups and individually through social interactions with significant people in most cases a childs primary caregivers. Vygotsky developed the Zone of Proximal Development theory, which outlines the notion that a students performance of certain tasks improve greatly when they are being guided by an adult or when working in a group of their peers. Vygotsky referred to these peers as More Knowledgeable Other(s) (MKO). The MKO is anyone who has a better understanding or more knowledge in the area of study than the learner. The MKO could be a teacher, coach, or peers. Vygotsky theorized that working alone is less constructive because when a student works with others, the gaps between what the student knows and what can be known is bridged. Working in these groups is working within the Zone of Proximal Development. Think of it this way: (Picture) (1)Student X has some understanding of some of the concepts but needs to learn other concepts for a greater understanding of the materials (2)Student X is grouped with others who know these concepts but some of the members of the groups may not know some of the concepts Student X knows (they have all entered the zone) (3) Everyone walks out of the group with new information Think about this: Why is the second language classroom a perfect environment to apply the Zone of Proximal Development theory? Unlike a situation in which a teacher or lecturer delivers information to students, the ZPD theory promotes the notion that students need to play an active role in learning. ZPD theory offers an opportunity for everyone to learn from each other. In an ESL/EFL classroom, the teacher can set up small groups in which students act as the MKOs and learn off each other. Think about it: How does the Zone of Proximal Development theory compliment Stephen Krashens Input Hypothesis? Think about students working in groups. -In essence both theories work on the notion that learning takes place when a learner is exposed to a person who has slightly more advanced knowledge in that subject area. Group work in the ESL/EFL classroom is very successful bec

How Do Artists Use Symbols in the Meaning of Their Work Essay

Artists use symbols in different ways in their works to define their true feelings and to illustrate ideas and experiences. The three artists I will use to demonstrate how symbols can be used to gain different meanings are, Joseph Cornell, Salvador Dali and Rosalie Gascoigne. Cornell uses symbols to represent his fantasies and dreams, Dali also uses surrealist symbols to represent his desires and dreams and Gascoigne uses symbols to represent the landscape where she lived and decay. Joseph Cornell is an American sculptor and filmmaker. He was born on the 24th of December 1903 and died on the 29th of December 1972. Bebe Marie was created in the early 1940’s. It is made from a papered and painted wooden box that contains a doll in a dress made of cloth and a flower made also of cloth. If you look closely you will notice the intricate detail on the doll that has been placed behind the cluster of twigs. Because there is a doll in this sculpture, it perhaps has something to do with childhood and the numerous dark twigs suggests that the childhood portrayed was not a very delightful or happy one. Cornell likes to depict fantasy inspired and illusory images in his works, like in his work The Hotel Eden. Because Cornell lived in New York, he found many interesting and strange objects. He was also interested in second-hand bookstores, so he found a way to incorporate that in his work. Salvador Dali is a Spanish painter, sculptor and filmmaker. He was born on May 11th 1904 and he died on January the 23rd 1989. The Persistence of Memory was made in 1931. It was created by using oil on canvas. The work mainly features melted clocks and sky above the horizon. The clocks in this particular work are what give it a meaning. These symbols represent the facts that dreams can change and become strange and distorted. This work revolves around dreams and personal psychological fantasies. In fact, all of Dali’s work is based around dreams and psychological fantasies and generally things that simply do not occur in reality. For example, Dali’s work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bumblebee around a Pomegranate a Moment Before Awakening. This work also goes back to the idea of reality and fantasy because of the tigers attacking the nude woman and the elephant hovering above the ocean. Rosalie Gascoigne is an Australian artist and sculptor. She was born on the 25th January 1917 and had died on the 23rd of October 1999. Regimental Colours was started in 1990 and finished in 1991. It was made using sawn soft drink crates on plywood. The work features various brands of soft drinks such as Schweppes. The main symbol in this work is the worn down surface. Many of her works are created around her interest in her surroundings. She likes to use older, worn down materials and signs that show age and have a history. Just like show has shown in Regimental Colours and also her work Sweet Lovers, she does this to show the memories and experiences through the aging material. In conclusion, symbols used in artworks are a very great way to express your inner feelings and emotions. Artists use this to their advantage so they can make their works more interesting and in depth.

Health and Social Care Essay

There are many indicators of health to find out about my volunteer’s present health. Firstly, there is the peak flow meter. My volunteer’s peak flow reading is 410 therefore this shows that she shows no signs of asthma and her breathing rate is average and shows that her health is in a positive state. My volunteers BMI shows that she is slightly overweight keeping this in mind I have set her targets which will help her to have a average weight. Last of all, my volunteer’s blood pressure is approximately a reading of 120/80 mmHg which is in general an average reading of blood pressure. Therefore this shows that she does not show signs of high blood pressure and this also indicates that she is not under a lot of stress or pressure from work and studies. This also reveals that my volunteer’s present blood pressure is proportional to average and that her present health is essentially positive. Page 1Zoom in Page 1 2 3 4 5 Next Level: GCSE Subject: Health and Social Care Word count: 1506 Save View my saved documents Submit similar document Share this Health and Social Care Download this essay Print Save GCSE HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE An extract from this document†¦ Task 1: There are many indicators of health. Indicators of health can help you find out about an individual’s health. The main indicators are: * Height weight charts * Body Mass Index (BMI) * Blood pressure * Peak flow meter * Resting pulse and recovery after exercise Height weight charts: When babies are born, they are weighed and measured regularly to display whether they are fed properly. They are also assessed to show their growth rates and see if they are growing properly. Also to see if the baby is underweight, overweight, average etc†¦ Additionally, they are weighed every week for the first two months of their lives. Body Mass Index (BMI): Body mass index is an indicator of good health as it measures the amount of fat in an individual’s body in association to his or hers height. It is a formula used to show your body weight in relation to your height to see whether you are underweight, average or overweight. BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in meters. Blood pressure: Blood is carried from the heart to all parts of your body in vessels called arteries. Blood pressure is the pressure in which the blood is applied in the arteries and the force in which the heart pumps blood. According to Google, they define blood pressure as, â€Å"the level of pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them. † This is also a successful indicator of an individual’s health as it measures how fast your heart is pumping blood therefore it advises you if you need to do certain things to help slow down the rate at which your heart pumps. As you can see, it’s a very positive thing and can help stop you from developing diseases such as heart disease and can make your kidney work harder which is very damaging. Blood pressure is very vital to the body and if it is average then your lifestyle will be much more satisfied. Peak Flow Meter: Another way of checking on your health is by using a peak flow meter. A peal flow meter is a special kind of instrument that measures the breathing rate and the volume of air taken in by an individual in the time of each breath. In addition, they are also used to distinguish how efficient a person’s lungs are. To use a peak flow meter, a person has to blow as hard as he/she can into the mouthpiece and then examine the pointer and check the reading however you must do this three times to assure that you get an accurate reading. The measurement is used to estimate the width of the air flow in the bronchi. This is a positive indicator and you can use it to find out whether an individual is breathing properly or if they are managing their asthma correctly etc†¦ Resting pulse and recovery after exercise: A person’s resting pulse rate is the pulse rate when a person is sitting still without moving. You can measure your pulse rate by placing pressure on your wrist or your neck. Your recovery heart rate is the number of beats per minute your heart drops when you stop moving. The higher the fitness levels the faster the drop in heart rate. The most common recovery heart rate can be measurement of up to 1 to 2 minutes however a complete recovery heart may consist of up to an hour. This is a positive indicator of health considering it shows how healthy and athletic your body is after exercise. If your heart does not pump that fast then you are in a healthy and fit state so your body can be affected by much less diseases or illnesses therefore it is very beneficial and helpful. Task 2: There are many indicators of health to find out about my volunteer’s present health. Firstly, there is the peak flow meter. My volunteer’s peak flow reading is 410 therefore this shows that she shows no signs of asthma and her breathing rate is average and shows that her health is in a positive state. My volunteers BMI shows that she is slightly overweight keeping this in mind I have set her targets which will help her to have a average weight. Last of all, my volunteer’s blood pressure is approximately a reading of 120/80 mmHg which is in general an average reading of blood pressure. Therefore this shows that she does not show signs of high blood pressure and this also indicates that she is not under a lot of stress or pressure from work and studies. This also reveals that my volunteer’s present blood pressure is proportional to average and that her present health is essentially positive. Task 4: I have set 3 targets for my volunteer to meet and stick to in order for her to improve her health. Those three targets that I have set are: 1) To have a balanced diet 2) To do regular exercise 3) To improve personal hygiene I think that to improve my volunteer’s health needs, she must stick to these particular targets so that her lifestyle can be developed and progressed so that she can achieve her overall needs. Task 5: Previously, I had chosen 3 targets for my volunteer to stick to in order to improve her health. Here is a health plan for each of those targets for my volunteer to know thoroughly how to improve and stick to her targets. Wash clothing and linens on a regular basis. However, the dilemma is germs and bacteria can develop and increase in your dirty clothes basket so try to be persistent on a weekly cleaning schedule.

Essay on The Death of Alexander the Great - 7402 Words

In the year 324 BC, Alexander, on the way to Babylon, came to his traditional summer retreat of Ecbatana. There, he held a massive festival in honor of Dionysus in which it is believed up to 3,000 Greek performers were brought to provide entertainment. Night after night, lavish drinking parties ensued in which Alexander and Hephaestion, (his supposed alter ego) undoubtedly participated in. It was during this time of extravagant celebration that Hephaestion became ill and contracted a high fever. Hephaestions physician Glaucias put him on a strict diet and monitored his health. At first, this appeared to be working until on the seventh day of Hephaestions illness, Glaucias went to the theater and Hephaestion decided to ignore the†¦show more content†¦Hephaestion, being Commander of the Companion Cavalry, had his post retired, as no man was ever officially appointed to take his place.. Alexander, then sent envoys to the Siwah, to the oracle of Ammon, to inquire if Hephaes tion should be worshipped as a god. The oracle refused permission but allowed the sacrifice appropriate to a hero to be offered to Hephaestion. Arrian says ..the death of Hephaestion had proved a great misfortune to Alexander himself, and Alexander, I believe, would have preferred to have gone first himself rather than experience it during his lifetime (7.16.8). Both Arrian and Plutarch site the Royal Journal as their trusted source on the days leading to Alexanders death. On May 29, 323 BC, while holding a banquet for his admiral Nearchus, he was approached by his trusted friend Medius who invited him to a late party. There, they engaged in heavy drinking. On the 30th, he dined with Medius and drank heavily once more. Feeling that a bit feverish, he slept in the bathing house that night to cool off. On the 31st he had to be transported on a litter across the Euphrates to a more pleasant atmosphere. Over the next few days, his condition worsened and was finally brought back to the palace. He was barely able to speak by June 7th. It is believed that he gave his ring to Perdiccas, a senior marshal, to take care of business in theShow MoreRelatedA Report On Alexander The Great Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesSynopsis I did my this day in history report on Alexander the Great. Alexander the great is known for many things. He was king of Macedonia, a military genius, and the greatest conqueror of all time-to name a few. Alexander was taught by many great minds, perhaps most responsible for his greatness was Aristotle. Alexander was given many hard tasks and tremendous responsibilities as a child and teen, which he carried out with ease. 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